Reading and Thinking
CULTURE AND CUISINE
文化与美食
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are." Put more simply, this means "You are what you eat." Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture. Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point.
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道："告诉我你吃什么，我就能告诉你你是什么样的人。"更简单地说，这就是"人如其食"的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。
cuisinerelate toa case in point
what引导宾语从句
Tell me what you eat 和 I will tell you what you are 中 what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语和表语。
例：I don't know what he wants. 我不知道他想要什么。
Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple flavours. And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是"左宗棠鸡"，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明的，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。
prior torecipeauthenticconsist ofbold
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
chefpeppercorn
形容词短语作状语
Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese 为形容词和分词短语作状语，表示主语的状态。
例：Hungry and tired, he went home. 他又饿又累地回家了。
what引导主语从句
what was even more important 为 what 引导的主语从句，意为"更为重要的是"。
例：What matters most is your health. 最重要的是你的健康。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone — from the youngest to the oldest — joining in to help.
不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物，包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。
vinegarjoin in
where引导非限制性定语从句
where making dumplings has always been a family affair 为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 North China。
Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire — usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.
后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上放牧。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成——通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串。
sliceelegantas a result
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum — small servings of food in bamboo steamers — to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。
exceptionalminimumconsume
At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火爆？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
at a minimumgo hand in hand
who引导定语从句
those who like bold flavours 中 who 引导定语从句，修饰 those。
例：Those who want to go may leave now. 想走的人现在可以走了。
if引导条件状语从句
if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other 为 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时或情态动词。
要点摘要
- 法国作家布里亚-萨瓦兰的名言"人如其食"揭示了食物与文化的深层关联
- 在美国改良的中餐（如左宗棠鸡）反映的是美国人的口味，而非中国人的
- 作者在中国的美食之旅：四川花椒→山东水饺→新疆羊肉串→广东点心→河南烩面
- 文化与美食息息相关，不体验其中之一就无法真正了解另一个