Reading and Thinking
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。
abusephysicaldominate
if left unchecked 省略结构
if left unchecked 是条件状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 if they are left unchecked。当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可省略主语和 be 动词。
To prevent...is essential 不定式作主语
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life 是不定式短语作主语，谓语用单数 is。prevent sb from doing sth 意为「阻止某人做某事」。
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do." In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：「我们反复做的事情造就了我们。」从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
over and over again
what引导表语从句
We are what we repeatedly do 中，what 引导表语从句，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语。意为「我们就是我们反复做的事情」。类似结构：You are what you eat（人如其食）。
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this: Firstly, there is a "cue", an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something. Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue. Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解「习惯循环」，其工作原理如下：第一是「触发因素」，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。第二是「惯常行为」，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。第三是「回报」，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
psychologycuerewardin response to
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
例如，当我们感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们会吃很多不健康零食（惯常行为），这让我们感到快乐（回报）。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
rely on
which引导非限制性定语从句
which makes us feel happy 是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句（we eat lots of unhealthy snacks）。which 代替整件事，意为「这使得我们感到快乐」。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回报）。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候（触发因素），我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。
facilitateexaminenegativeaside from
rather than 表示选择
rather than 意为「而不是」，连接两个并列成分，表示在两者中选择前者而否定后者。此处 rather than eat snacks 表示「而不是吃零食」。rather than 后接动词原形。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：「千里之行，始于足下。」一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。
pessimisticdiscipline
not...but...结构
not suddenly, but over a period of time 使用 not...but... 结构，意为「不是……而是……」，否定前者、肯定后者。连接两个对称的介词短语。
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no "magic pill" or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的「魔力丸」或删除键并不存在；你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！
that引导定语从句
that will help you 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 magic pill or delete button。因为先行词被 no 修饰，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。
要点摘要
- 青少年易养成不良习惯，需及早识别并改变
- 习惯由反复选择形成，了解习惯循环是改变的关键
- 习惯循环三要素：触发因素、惯常行为、回报
- 用积极行为替代消极行为来改变坏习惯
- 改变需要时间和自律，不能一蹴而就