气候变化需要全世界的关注

Reading and Thinking

CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION

气候变化需要全世界的关注

We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was "skin and bones". An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.

我们认识到气候变化已经有几十年时间了。毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和。海洋和大气的变暖，冰川融化和海平面上升，均证明全球气候发生了急剧变化。2013年，一张新闻照片震惊了世人，照片上是在挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现的一只北极熊的尸体。发现该尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊只剩「皮包骨头」了。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从尸体所处的姿势来看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致海冰面降低，这就意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，所以为了能够找到食物，它不得不长途跋涉。这一惊人的案例表明了气温升高是如何影响地球生态的。

starvehave an impact on

There is little doubt that...

There is little doubt that... 意为「毫无疑问……」。little 表示否定（几乎没有），that 引导同位语从句，解释 doubt 的内容。注意区分：There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问）与 There is some doubt whether...（有些怀疑是否……）。

Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the "greenhouse effect", which has two common meanings: the "natural" greenhouse effect and the "man-made" greenhouse effect. The "natural" greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.

那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？气候学家经常提到一个被称为「温室效应」的关键气候过程，它有两个常见的含义：「天然」温室效应和「人造」温室效应。「天然」温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。热量再以更大的波长被释放回太空。大气层中的温室气体如甲烷和二氧化碳困住了部分热量，使地球气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。

emissionmethanesustainhabitable

the fact that同位语从句

the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere... 中，that 引导同位语从句，解释 the fact 的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，that 不作成分，但不能省略。

However, the "man-made" greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.

但是，现在「人造」温室效应变成了一个大问题。当人们由于燃烧化石燃料，产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，这导致地表温度迅速上升。有充分且全面的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员死亡。气候学家警告说，如果我们再不采取适当的行动，该变暖趋势可能会持续下去，我们将付出更高的代价。事实上，有关极端暴雨和热浪导致人员死亡和经济损失的消息常见于新闻报道。

comprehensivelead to

现在分词作伴随状语

not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明 the rise in temperature 产生的后果。not only...but also... 连接两个并列的现在分词短语。

Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help?

持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，造成持久性的全球气候变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策，采取适当的行动和措施，以减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的「碳足迹」。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。所以，你会做些什么来帮忙呢？

result incomprehensive

It is one's responsibility to do...

It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming 中，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to seize every opportunity... 不定式短语。这种结构避免头重脚轻，是正式文体的常用句型。

要点摘要

北极熊饿死案例揭示气候变化影响
温室效应分天然和人造两种，后者导致全球变暖
温室气体排放增加极端天气和自然灾害
需全球合作：政府制定政策+个人减少碳足迹

Reading for Writing

REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER

减少漓江水污染

The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river's water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.

漓江风光如画，周边风景秀丽迷人，是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引着数百万国内外游客。不过，它作为顶级旅游目的地的名声反而给漓江水质带来了负面影响。本报道就着眼于水污染问题以及已采取的一些应对措施。

destination

现在完成时被动语态

that have been taken to deal with it 使用了现在完成时的被动语态（have been taken），表示已经采取的措施，强调动作已完成且主语是动作承受者。

Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.

之前，漓江的水质因游客数量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。众多的游船也是造成这一问题的原因之一。船上的厨房大量用油，并且这些油经常被倾倒进水里。旅游业的增长也意味着当地人口以及工商企业数量迅速增加。更多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染的程度。为提高农作物产量，养活更多的人，人们使用了更多的化学物质。这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。当地官员担心污染对自然环境的破坏，认为应采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。

contribute toresult in

many of whom非限制性定语从句

many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river 是「介词+关系代词」引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是 tourists。whom 指代人，many of whom 意为「其中许多人」。这种结构常用于补充说明先行词中的一部分。

A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government also set up strict regulations regarding the number of tour boats allowed on the river. Tour boats were required to use new, eco-friendly engines and were not allowed to dump waste into the river. In addition, new regulations were made regarding where restaurants and hotels could be built. The media also helped raise awareness of the issue through frequent reports on water pollution and the measures being taken to tackle it.

一个全面的治理方案启动了，采取了多项措施来解决这些问题。废水处理设施的建设改善了水质和节水状况。生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。数十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。当地政府还制定了关于河上允许行驶的游船数量的严格规定。游船被要求使用新的环保发动机，并且不允许将废物倾倒进河中。此外，还制定了关于餐厅和酒店可以建在哪里的新规定。媒体也通过频繁报道水污染问题和正在采取的应对措施来帮助提高公众意识。

comprehensive

with复合结构

with a number of measures that addressed the issues 是 with 复合结构，with + 宾语 + 定语从句，作伴随状语，补充说明 initiative 的内容。

With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. The river's journey is not yet over, but the measures already taken have shown that with determination and hard work, positive changes can be achieved. The Li River serves as a good example of how to balance economic development and environmental protection.

有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将会为后代保存下来。漓江的治理之旅尚未结束，但已采取的措施表明，凭借决心和努力，可以取得积极的变化。漓江是平衡经济发展与环境保护的一个很好的典范。

serve as

It is believed that...主语从句

It is believed that... 中，It 是形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句。意为「人们相信……」。类似结构：It is said that...（据说）、It is reported that...（据报道）。

要点摘要

漓江水质因旅游业发展遭到严重破坏
污染源：游客垃圾、游船废油、工商业废水、农业化学品
全面治理：建废水处理设施、关闭污染企业、限游船数量
漓江成为经济发展与环境保护平衡的典范