标志性景点

Reading and Thinking

ICONIC ATTRACTIONS

标志性景点

Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays. I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn. I have already done some research on the country. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as "down under".

趁学校放假，我打算下周去澳大利亚看望那里的一位朋友。我计划用这个博客记录我的所见所闻。我对澳大利亚做了一番研究。它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为"down under"。

locatedequator

过去分词作状语（located...）

Located to the south of the equator 是过去分词作状语，表示"位于"的状态。其逻辑主语是主句的主语 it (Australia)。

I have also read about some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road, and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos. I can't wait to see all of them! However, as I major in social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.

我也看了一些标志性景点的介绍，如悉尼歌剧院和大洋路，还有可爱的考拉和袋鼠等动物的资料。我迫不及待想见到所有这一切！不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。

iconicsuch as

as 引导原因状语从句

as I major in social studies 中 as 引导原因状语从句，表示"因为/由于"。as 表示的原因语气较弱，常表示双方已知的原因。

I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast, is originally British. Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.

我在悉尼啦！自我来这儿之后，朋友就带着我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤，还和我分享了许多风格各异的美味佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象就是美食！很多澳大利亚的特色美食都源自英国，比如星期日烤肉。随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供世界顶级的美食体验。另一方面，在亚洲文化的影响下，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引入了豆腐和亚洲药草。

barbecuebakeryjointpremierherbon the other hand

现在完成时 (have been)

my first impressions of Australia have been all about food 使用现在完成时，表示从到达至今的持续体验。since 也常用于现在完成时。

My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, a town in Australia's Northern Territory. We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small, but its influence is still visible. For example, "Bondi" in "Bondi Beach" is an Aboriginal word meaning "water breaking over rocks".

我和朋友来到了澳大利亚北领地的凯瑟琳小镇。我们此行的目的是了解土著人的生活和习俗，他们是澳大利亚的原住民。土著人的人口可能很少，但其影响依旧可见。例如，"邦迪海滩"中的"邦迪"就是一个土著词汇，意思是"拍打着岩石的海浪（声）"。

who 引导非限制性定语从句

the Aborigines, who are native to Australia 中 who 引导非限制性定语从句，对 Aborigines 进行补充说明。

文化拓展

Bondi（邦迪）是澳大利亚土著语言中的词汇，意为"水拍打在岩石上的声音"。Bondi Beach 是悉尼最著名的海滩之一。

To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.

为了在大洋中这片辽阔的土地上生存，澳大利亚土著人得和大自然保持密切的联系。这也体现在他们的音乐中。这些音乐歌颂身边的自然世界，以及围绕着它们的精神世界。他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。

didgeridooin close contact with

介词 + which 定语从句

among which there is an amazing instrument 中 among which 是"介词+关系代词"结构，which 指代前面的 sticks。

The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. Unlike a horn, there are no finger holes. The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!

迪吉里杜管由空心的树干制成。吹奏迪吉里杜管时，把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。与喇叭不同，迪吉里杜管没有指孔。吹奏迪吉里杜管必须靠改变嘴形才能改变音高。一名娴熟的演奏者可以长时间吹奏，不用停下来换气。演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气，同时通过嘴巴吐气，吹入迪吉里杜管中。我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！

hollowpitch

in order to 表目的

in order to change pitch 中 in order to do 表示目的，意为"为了……"。比单纯的 to do 更正式，强调目的性。

by + doing 表示方式

by continually breathing in 中 by + doing 表示"通过……方式"，是方式状语的常见表达。

It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. I've enjoyed my time here very much. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.

差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。我在这里过得十分愉快。在这里住了一段时间之后，我最深刻的印象就是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。尽管自1788年以来，主要的文化影响是西方文化，但少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。

make upplay a part in

either...or... 的并列结构

were either born overseas or have parents who... 中 either...or... 连接两个并列谓语，表示"要么……要么……"，用于提供两种选择。

It is said that... 固定句型

It is said that... 意为"据说"，属于"It is + 过去分词 + that"结构。类似：It is reported/believed/known that...

Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.

对我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。

straightforward

what 引导主语从句

what I like most about Australia 是 what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作 like 的宾语。what = the thing that。

After experiencing Australia, I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan: "There's nothing like Australia."

在游历了澳大利亚之后，我得说我十分赞同他们的旅游口号："澳大利亚，尽是不同。"

双重否定强调

There's nothing like Australia. 本质是双重否定（nothing + like），直译为"没有什么像澳大利亚一样"，实际意思是"澳大利亚独一无二"，通过否定+否定来加强肯定语气。

要点摘要

出发前的研究：澳大利亚位于赤道以南，被称为"down under"
悉尼初印象：美食文化，受英国和亚洲双重影响
北领地凯瑟琳小镇：澳大利亚土著文化、迪吉里杜管乐器
离别总结：多元文化融合的国家，近半公民有海外背景
作者最喜欢的：澳大利亚人的坦率随性和温暖友善

Using Language

THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA

澳大利亚神奇的动物

Our topic today is "Creatures Unique to Australia", with questions answered by wildlife expert, Dr Jim Smith.

我们今天的话题是"澳大利亚特有的生物"，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。

It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution throughout the country. It's a tough animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also, it cannot walk backwards, so it is always moving forwards. This expresses the strength and resolve of the Australians as individuals and as a nation. Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth. They then find their way into their mother's pouch—a kind of a pocket—to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old. After this phase, they go out to try their legs. After they learn to jump, they gradually spend less time with their mother and learn to be independent. Kangaroos may look cute, but encounters with them don't always end so well. Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard, so please folks, if you see some kangaroos, remember they're not for petting!

毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。袋鼠是一种强壮的动物，生存于恶劣的环境中。此外，它不会倒退行走，所以总是勇往直前。这表达了澳大利亚人作为个体和民族的力量与决心。袋鼠宝宝出生时只有两克重。然后，它们会钻进母亲的育儿袋——一种口袋——以保持安全和温暖。它们在这个临时性、受保护的环境中睡觉和吃奶，直到七八个月大。在这个阶段之后，它们会出去试试腿力。学会跳跃之后，它们与母亲相处的时间就会逐步减少，学会独立。袋鼠可能看起来十分可爱，但与它们邂逅的结局并不总是那么美好。袋鼠的踢打相当有力，所以大家要小心，如果你们看到袋鼠，要记住它们不是用来爱抚的！

distributiontemporaryphase

find one's way into

find their way into their mother's pouch 意为"设法找到路进入"，find one's way 表达"找到通往……的路"的意思。

They are really quite cute, but the truth is, koalas are very sensitive creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it. If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.

考拉确实十分可爱，但事实是，考拉是非常敏感的动物，即便只是环境中的微小变化都会让它们惊慌失措。它们大部分时间都在吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类互动会给它们带来极大的压力。因此，政府开始立法禁止触摸考拉，也是出于对保护动物和公共安全的考虑。所以，如果你在野外看到一只考拉，你不要靠近它去把它抱起来或即便是去触摸它。如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。

trunksessionfrequency

where 引导定语从句修饰地点

licensed zoos where animal experts make sure... 中 where 是关系副词，引导定语从句修饰 zoos，在从句中作地点状语。

My favourite is a little creature called the Tasmanian devil. If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one, the experience might scare you! Tasmanian devils hunt at night, so you won't usually see them, but you may hear their loud cries when they are fighting or eating. The noise they make could wake the dead. Frightening! They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. They also have a terrible smell! Their diet is mostly dead animals. Fortunately, despite their name, they are generally not violent towards people.

我最喜欢的是一种被称为塔斯马尼亚恶魔的小动物。如果你在塔斯马尼亚野外露营时遇到一只，那经历可能会吓到你！塔斯马尼亚恶魔在夜间捕食，所以你通常不会看到它们，然而当它们打架或者吃东西时，你会听到它们震耳的嚎叫声。它们发出来的噪音能把死人叫醒。十分恐怖！它们个头跟小狗差不多，看起来像只大黑鼠。它们身上还有一股难闻的气味！它们的食物主要是动物的尸体。幸运的是，尽管它们名为"恶魔"，但是它们基本上对人类没有攻击性。

violentcome across

despite 的用法

despite their name, they are generally not violent 中 despite 是介词，意为"尽管"，后接名词/代词/动名词。注意 despite 后不能直接接从句（要用 despite the fact that...）。

Not at all. While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology. Its eggs hatch after about ten days, and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals. Its nose looks like a duck's bill, and it has feet like a duck's so it can dive under the water, but it's covered in hair. Do you know what's really strange about a platypus? The platypus doesn't use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!

完全不是。虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。它的蛋大约十天后孵化出来，然后新生鸭嘴兽像其他所有哺乳动物一样由母亲哺乳。它的鼻子看起来像鸭嘴，脚也跟鸭子的一样，所以它可以潜到水下，但它浑身都是毛。你知道鸭嘴兽真正奇怪的地方是什么吗？鸭嘴兽并非用视觉或嗅觉来觅食。它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数！

nestbiologyhatchcapacitya handful of

While 引导让步状语从句

While it may lay eggs...it's really a primitive mammal 中 While 表示"虽然、尽管"，引导让步状语从句，相当于 Although。

要点摘要

袋鼠：澳大利亚象征，分布广泛，幼崽在育儿袋中成长，不可爱抚
考拉：敏感动物，法定禁止触摸，仅许可动物园可互动
塔斯马尼亚恶魔：夜间活动，叫声响亮，外表可怕但基本不攻击人类
鸭嘴兽：原始哺乳动物，用电传感器在水中觅食，全球罕见